Well, while we wait for our resident Yiddish expert to comment, I’ll share a couple definitions I’ve looked up in the meantime. Most of these should be familiar to American English-speakers, anyway.
Dybbuk—A malicious possessing spirit, in Kabbalah and Jewish folklore (from wikipedia)
Emes—Truth, correct
Ganef—Thief
Kibbitzer— The term kibbitzer (and thus the verb to kibbitz) comes from the chess cafes of central Europe at the start of the century. A kibbitzer did not play chess, but watched other people playing, and possibly made comments on their play. (http://www.eisu2.bham.ac.uk/johnstf/kib.htm)
Latke–Potato pancake, traditionally served at Hanukkah, used here as slang for a rookie cop
Patzer—I gather that is actually chess slang! I didn’t know there was such a thing. It’s also Yiddish for “blunderer” and used to mean “poor player.”
Papiros—Cigarette
Pisher—Child, humorous (“little pisser”)
Schlemiel- inept bungler, someone who is easily victimized
Shammes- assistant to a rabbi, used in the book to describe detectives
Sholem—Peace/harmony or “Hello,” used to describe the guns the detectives carry. Clever! I think there’s a famous gun called a Peacemaker. I just looked it up, it’s a Colt .45
Shoyfar – brand name of the cellphones the characters use, from “shofar,” the ram's horn blown on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur
Shtarker—Strong arm
Shtetl—Small town or village
Shul–School
Tohubohu–I don’t think this is Yiddish, but it’s in the book, and here’s the definition: Chaos; confusion (from www.thefreedictionary.com)
Yid- Male Jew
Definitions mainly from
http://www.yiddishdictionaryonline.com/ , more to come!
Oh, and i forgot! Zamenhof was the name of the guy who invented Esperanto, if you were a little thrown at the beginning of the book, as i was, by "elevatoro," etc. "For Zamenhof this language wasn't merely a communication tool, but a means of spreading his ideas on the peaceful coexistence of different peoples and cultures. Among the many works he translated into Esperanto is the
Hebrew Bible or Old Testament." More on him here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof–a very interesting story, and sad, too: all three of his children died in the Holocaust.